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Mongolia Geography
Mongolia Geography: A summary of information about Mongolia Geography, from government research data as well as independent research and other sources.
Mongolia: Geography
Location
Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Geographic coordinates
46 00 N, 105 00 E
Map references
Asia
Area
total: 1.565 million sq km land: 1.565 million sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Alaska
Land boundaries
total: 8,114 km border countries: China 4,673 km, Russia 3,441 km
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Climate
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Terrain
vast semidesert and desert plains; mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in southeast
Elevation extremes
lowest point: Hoh Nuur 518 m highest point: Tavan Bogd Uul 4,374 m
Natural resources
oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold
Land use
arable land: 1% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 80% forests and woodland: 9% other: 10% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land
800 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards
dust storms can occur in the spring; grassland fires
Environment - current issues
limited natural fresh water resources; policies of the former communist regime promoting rapid urbanization and industrial growth have raised concerns about their negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws have severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, the converting of virgin land to agricultural production have increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities have also had a deleterious effect on the environment
Environment - international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note
landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia