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Estonia Geography
Estonia Geography: A summary of information about Estonia Geography, from government research data as well as independent research and other sources.
Estonia: Geography
Location
Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia
Geographic coordinates
59 00 N, 26 00 E
Map references
Europe
Area
total: 45,226 sq km land: 43,211 sq km water: 2,015 sq km note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont combined
Land boundaries
total: 633 km border countries: Latvia 339 km, Russia 294 km
Coastline
3,794 km
Maritime claims
exclusive economic zone: limits fixed in coordination with neighboring states territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate
maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers
Terrain
marshy, lowlands
Elevation extremes
lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Suur Munamagi 318 m
Natural resources
shale oil (kukersite), peat, phosphorite, amber, cambrian blue clay, limestone, dolomite, arable land
Land use
arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 11% forests and woodland: 44% other: 20% (1996 est.)
Irrigated land
110 sq km (1996 est.)
Natural hazards
flooding occurs frequently in the spring
Environment - current issues
air heavily polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products, chemicals at former Soviet military bases; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas are heavily affected by organic waste; coastal sea water is polluted in many locations
Environment - international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol