Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of
Finland, between Latvia and Russia

59 00 N, 26 00 E

Europe

total: 45,226 sq km
land: 43,211 sq km
water: 2,015 sq km
note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea

slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont
combined

total: 633 km
border countries: Latvia 339 km, Russia 294 km

3,794 km

exclusive economic zone: limits fixed in coordination with neighboring
states
territorial sea: 12 nm

maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers

marshy, lowlands

lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point: Suur Munamagi 318 m

shale oil (kukersite), peat, phosphorite, amber,
cambrian blue clay, limestone, dolomite, arable land

arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 11%
forests and woodland: 44%
other: 20% (1996 est.)

110 sq km (1996 est.)

flooding occurs frequently in the spring

air heavily polluted with sulfur dioxide
from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; contamination of
soil and groundwater with petroleum products, chemicals at former
Soviet military bases; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade
lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas are heavily affected
by organic waste; coastal sea water is polluted in many locations

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Ship Pollution, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol